Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy in women globally. Significant progress has been made in developing structural nanoparticles (NPs) and formulations for targeted smart drug delivery (SDD) of pharmaceuticals, improving the precision of tumor cell targeting in therapy.

Significance

Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) treatment using magneto-liposomes (MLs) has emerged as a promising adjuvant cancer therapy.

Methods

CoFe₂O₄ magnetic NPs (MNPs) were conjugated with nanoliposomes to form MLs, and the anticancer drug quercetin (Que) was loaded into MLs, forming Que-MLs composites for antitumor approach. The aim was to prepare Que-MLs for DD systems (DDS) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF), termed chemotherapy/hyperthermia (chemo-HT) techniques. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading capacity (DL), and drug release (DR) of Que and Que-MLs were …

The bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), is considered one of
the most dangerous and destructive pests of the cereal family. It directly affects nutrition
and indirectly transmits viral diseases, leading to a reduction in quantity and quality.
Therefore, the use of appropriate and effective control methods is vital. In this study, the
effectiveness of emamectin benzoate on the nymph stage of R. padi on wheat was
evaluated using the leaf-dip method. Mortality was recorded after exposure to different
concentrations of the pesticide after 24, 48, and 72 hours under laboratory conditions.
The results revealed the clear effectiveness of emamectin benzoate, especially after
exposure at 48 and 72 hours, with LC50 values of 0.017 and 0.004 μg/ml, respectively.
Additionally, the toxicity of emamectin benzoate increased from 10.59-fold after 48
hours to 45-fold after 72 hours based on the time dependent increase in toxicity.
Therefore, emamectin benzoate is an effective pesticide for controlling R. padi on wheat
and a promising tool in integrated pest management programs

Introduction: Arsenic is a standout amongst the most lethal metals
derived from the natural environment. The major reason for human arsenic
toxicity is tainting of drinking water. Arsenic trioxide is inorganic arsenic
that is classified by the US Environmental Protection Agency as a known
human carcinogen. Aim: Illustration of morphological and histological
effects of arsenic trioxide on mice offspring. Methods: Adult female albino
mice were divided into five groups: Control, negative control treated with
Hcl (arsenic trioxide solvent), and three groups daily treated orally with
different doses of arsenic trioxide (0.3, 0.7 and 1 mg/kg). Offspring of 21
day old mice were morphologically examined, weighed and morphometric
measurements were carried out. Liver and kidney were histopathologically
examined. Results: Data showed a significant decrease in body weight and
crown rump length in the arsenic high dose treated group and a significant
decrease in head circumference, thigh and a significant increase in foot
length of all treated groups. Statistics revealed a significant increase in tail
measurements with the lowest dose, while the higher doses showed a
significant decrease. Severe degenerative histopathological changes in
different treatments were also observed. Discussion: Exposure of mice
embryos to arsenic trioxide before and during pregnancy-induced
morphological and histological abnormalities. It is suggested that the
inhibitory effects of arsenic trioxide on embryonic development and body
measurement might be attributed to elevating proapoptotic and decreasing
antiapoptotic gene activity. The increase of foot and tail measurements in
some cases might be explained as a result of increased proliferation rate and
mutation in developing systems.

Algal biomass is a promising renewable feedstock for biofuel production that does not compete with food crops or require complex pretreatment like lignocellulosic biomass. This study examined biofuel production from two algae: Alkalinema pantanalense (cyanobacteria) and Chlorella vulgaris (green alga). Although there was no significant difference in their biomass, A. pantanalense showed a higher carbohydrate content (204.96 mg L⁻¹) than C. vulgaris (156.07 mg L⁻¹). To maximize reducing sugar release, three pretreatments were tested: thermotacidic, biological using the new fungal isolate Trichoderma longibrachiatum, and biological with nanoparticles. Biological pretreatment with MgZn ferrite nanoparticles (MZF-nps) at 60 mg L⁻¹ concentration gave the best results, significantly enhancing cellulase, β-glucosidase and filter paper cellulase activities by 20.94 % (A. pantanalense) and 18.63 % (C. vulgaris). For biohydrogen production, the co-culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae resulted in faster fermentation and improved hydrogen evolution compared to individual cultures. A. pantanalense and C. vulgaris yields were 35.1 mL g⁻¹ and 26.6 mL g⁻¹ dry weight, with maximal cumulative production of 2478 mL L⁻¹ and 1845 mL L⁻¹, respectively. Optimized Saccharomyces cerevisiae bioethanol fermentation conditions included 72 h incubation, 5 % inoculum, 30 °C, pH 5 under shaking condition, yielded 11.2 g L⁻¹ (A. pantanalense) and 7.2 g L⁻¹ (C. vulgaris). Furthermore, MZF-nps hydrolysate significantly increased bioethanol production, by 4.2-fold (A. pantanalense) to 32.45 g L⁻¹ and 3.48-fold (C. vulgaris) to 28.6 g L⁻¹, compared to thermoacidic pretreatment. In summary, biological pretreatment demonstrates the potential of algal biomass as a renewable feedstock for sustainable biofuel production.

Some physiological effects of dietary onion  Allium cepa and garlic  Allium sativum  in alloxan-diabetic mice

Prophylactic effect of fenugreek seeds on some physiological and histological criteria in fish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with glucose and alloxan.

STUDIES ON THE HISTOPATHOLOGY AND OXIDATIVE STRESS OF SOME ORGANS OF MICE INFECTED WITH TOXASCARIS LEONINA (LISTOW, 1902) (NEMATODA)

The effect of seasonal variations on the fatty acid composition of three Nile fish species; Tilapia nilotica (LINNAEUS, 1757), Clarias lazera (CUVIER and VALENCIENES, 1840) and Synddontis scall (BLOCH-SCHNEIDER, 1801) was studied. The determination of fatty acids was carried out applying gas liquid chromatogra phic analysis. The data revealed that lipids of the three studied fish species were found to contain 18 fatty acids with carbon chains ranging from C to Cja, most which were unsaturated fatty acids. Both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids varied markedly due to seasonality, since the percentage of saturation of fish lipid varies according to season. The data revealed that the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids increased markedly in spring in the three studied fish species.

Effect of seasonal variations on phospholipid components in three Nile fish species.