This study aimed to assess the effect of chronic administration of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) on blood cells, thymus, spleen, and inflammatory indicators through interleukin (IL)-17 and interleukin (IL)-10 gene expression levels in blood and in thymic and spleen tissues in male Wistar rats.
Rats were treated with MSG orally once daily for 90 days at two different doses with and without probiotic supplementation (Bacillus Subtilis and Bacillus Pumilus). Blood samples were collected for CBC, IL-10, and IL-17 gene expression in blood. The spleen and thymus were taken for histological and immunohistochemical studies.
WBC results showed no significant difference among groups. A statistically significant higher mean IL-10 was observed among the low dose with probiotic (group 4) compared to other groups. There was a significantly higher mean of IL17 among low dose without probiotic (group 2). The mean level of IL-17 was high among group 4. Sections from thymus and spleen of MSG groups showed histological derangement. Immunohistochemical staining in tissues supported the observed gene expression levels in blood. Groups with higher cytokine gene expression generally showed stronger tissue staining, confirming consistency between transcription and protein levels and this strengthens interpretation of MSG-induced immune alterations.
High-dose MSG was associated with a decreased level of IL-10 with various degrees of tissue inflammation. Adding probiotics to low-dose MSG resulted in increased levels of IL-10 in blood. The low serum level of IL-17 in the high-dose MSG groups was associated with high degrees of inflammation with little improvement with probiotic.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a disorder caused by antibodies from mother that pass through the placenta and attack red blood cells of fetus. Although other blood groups may potentially be implicated, Rh or ABO blood group incompatibility are the most common cause of this illness. Even though they are rarely linked to neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, minor blood group incompatibilities resulting from blood types other than Rh (D) are considered risk for significant jaundice and its complications in neonates if they are not properly identified and treated. In order to help clinicians reduce infant morbidity and improve overall patient care, the study's goal was to identify instances at elevated risk.
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